Family health refers to the complete physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being of every member of a family.

• It keeps everyone free from sickness and diseases.


• It encourages good hygiene and healthy habits.


• It improves the emotional and social bond among family members.


• It reduces hospital bills and stress.


• It helps children grow up strong and smart.


• It leads to a healthier society and nation.

• Communicable Diseases – These are caused by germs (pathogens) and can spread from one person to another. Examples: malaria, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, measles



• Non-Communicable Diseases – These cannot spread from one person to another. They are often caused by poor diet, unhealthy habits, or inherited from parents. Examples: sickle cell anaemia, obesity, cancer, diabetes, kwashiorkor, asthma.

1. Direct contact – touching, kissing, sexual contact.


2. Indirect contact – sharing towels, plates, or using dirty toilets.


3. Airborne transmission – breathing in droplets from coughing or sneezing.


4. Waterborne transmission – drinking or using dirty water.


5. Foodborne transmission – eating contaminated food.


6. Vector transmission – when insects like mosquitoes or flies carry germs and transfer them through bites or contact.