Consumer rights can be defined as the protections and entitlements that individuals have when purchasing goods and services. These rights ensure that consumers are treated fairly and can make informed choices.

The origin of consumerism lies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, driven by the need to address the impacts of industrialisation and mass production. It emerged as a movement focused on protecting consumers' interests and advocating for their rights, particularly in response to issues like product safety and fair trade practices.

Consumerism reached Nigeria in the late 20th and early 21st centuries due to economic growth and increasing consumer spending. Global influences and international consumer protection organisations helped introduce these concepts. Local activists and organisations began addressing issues like product safety and fair trade. The Nigerian government supported this movement by establishing the Consumer Protection Council (CPC) in 1992 to enforce consumer rights and handle grievances. These developments led to greater consumer awareness and improved protections in Nigeria.

1. The Right to Safety: Protection from products and services that are hazardous to health or safety.


2. The Right to Be Informed: Access to accurate and clear information about products and services to make informed choices.


3. The Right to Choose: The ability to select from a variety of products and services at competitive prices.


4. The Right to be Heard: The opportunity to voice complaints and have them addressed by businesses and authorities.


5. The Right to Redress: The ability to seek compensation or corrective action if something goes wrong with a purchase.


6. The Right to Consumer Education: Access to education and information about consumer rights and responsibilities.


7. The Right to a Healthy Environment: The right to live and work in a safe and sustainable environment.


8. The Right to Privacy: Protection of personal information and the right to control how it is used by businesses.