Sewage refers to liquid wastes such as urine, kitchen wastes or water from laundry

Refuse refers to all solid wastes such as pieces of paper, leaves, garbage, ashes and dead animals 

1. Domestic sewage - These are Wastewater from homes (e.g., feces, urine, laundry, kitchen).


2. Industrial sewage - These are Waste liquids from shops, offices, factories, and other business centres.


3. Storm sewage - This is rainwater run-off that carries dirt, chemicals, and debris into drains.

1. Water-carriage system - A system that uses water to flush sewage from closets through pipes.


2. Pit-hole latrine - A hole dug into the ground with a slab and shelter on top


3. Bucket latrine - A simple container used to collect human urine and feces, mostly in rural settings


4. VIP latrine (Ventilated Improved Pit latrine) - A pit latrine with a ventilated chimney to reduce odor


5. Open dump - Sewage is simply dumped in open areas—unsanitary and unhygienic

1. Open dump - Garbage and solid waste are thrown openly anywhere.


2. Composting - Decomposed organic waste is turned into fertilizers.


3. Incineration - Burning refuse to ash (either locally or using modern facilities).


4. Sanitary landfill - Solid waste is buried in excavated pits and covered with soil.

1. Rain water – Water that comes from the sky when it rains.


2. Wells – Water we get by digging a deep hole in the ground.


3. Streams and rivers – Water that flows through the land.


4. Springs – Water that comes out from under the ground by itself.


5. Lakes and ponds – Water that stays in one place and does not move.


6. Pipe-borne water – Clean water that comes to houses and schools through pipes.