Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, regardless of nationality, sex, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. These rights cannot be taken away, and they help people to live with freedom and dignity.

1. Civil and Political Rights – These are rights that give people freedom to speak, vote, and take part in government. Example: right to freedom of speech and right to vote.


2. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights – These are rights that allow people to live a good life. Example: right to education, right to work, and right to medical care.


3. Group or Collective Rights – These are rights that belong to groups of people. Example: the right of people to protect their culture or to live in peace as a community.

1. They protect people from unfair treatment.


2. They help to promote peace in society.


3. They give everyone equal opportunity.


4. They help people to grow and develop their talents.


5. They guide leaders on how to rule fairly.


6. They help people live together in harmony.

1. The 1999 Constitution of Nigeria gives citizens fundamental human rights such as right to life, freedom of movement, freedom of expression, and right to fair hearing.


2. The Child Rights Act (2003) protects the rights of children, like right to education, right to health, and right to protection from abuse.


3. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is the body that protects and promotes human rights in Nigeria.

1. Corruption stops the law from working properly.


2. Poverty makes many people unable to enjoy their rights.


3. Discrimination against women, children, or minority groups.


4. Conflicts, violence, and terrorism that violate human rights.

1. Teaching people about their rights in schools and communities.


2. Government making and enforcing good laws.


3. Campaigns and awareness by NGOs and media.


4. Communities working together to respect each other.


5. Protecting children, women, and the weak in society.