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Pathogens, Diseases & Their Prevention


Meaning of Disease

A disease is any condition that negatively affects the normal functioning of the body.


Types of Diseases


  1. Communicable Diseases: These can spread from one person to another (e.g., malaria, cholera).

  2. Non-communicable Diseases: These do not spread between people (e.g., diabetes, hypertension).


Common Diseases and Causes


  1. Malaria: Caused by mosquito bites.

  2. Cholera: Caused by drinking contaminated water.

  3. Typhoid: Caused by bacteria from contaminated food or water.

  4. Measles: A viral disease spread through coughing or sneezing.


Prevention Methods


  1. Good Hygiene: Washing hands with soap regularly.

  2. Safe Drinking Water: Using clean water for drinking and cooking.

  3. Proper Waste Disposal: Throwing refuse and sewage away correctly.

  4. Immunization: Getting vaccines against diseases.

  5. Balanced Diet: Eating nutritious food to strengthen the body.

  6. Exercise: Keeping the body strong and healthy.

  7. Avoid Contact with Sick People: To prevent catching contagious diseases.

  8. Seeking Early Medical Treatment: To reduce complications.




Pathogens

Pathogens are tiny organisms that can enter the body and cause diseases.

They are so small that we cannot see them with our eyes — only with a microscope.


Types of Pathogens


  1. Bacteria – Single-celled germs that can multiply quickly and cause diseases.

  2. Viruses – Even smaller than bacteria; they enter living cells and cause diseases.

  3. Fungi – These cause skin infections and other diseases.

  4. Protozoa – Small germs that live in water or in the body and can cause sickness.



Diseases Caused by Pathogens



Pathogen Type Examples of Diseases
1 Bacteria Cholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis
2 Viruses Measles, HIV/AIDS, Polio
3 Fungi Ringworm, Athlete’s foot
4 Protozoa Malaria, Amoebic dysentery



Preventive Measures Against Diseases Caused by Pathogens


  • Good hygiene - Wash hands regularly with soap, especially before eating and after using the toilet.

  • Use clean water - Always drink and cook with clean water to prevent water-borne diseases like cholera.

  • Proper refuse and sewage disposal - Dispose of waste properly to keep the environment clean and stop the spread of diseases.

  • Immunization - Take vaccines against diseases like polio and measles.

  • Balanced diet - Eat good food to make the body strong and able to fight infections.

  • Avoid contact with sick people - Stay away from people who are infected to stop diseases from spreading.

  • Seek early medical treatment - Go to a health centre or hospital as soon as you feel sick.

  • Good ventilation - Keep rooms airy so that fresh air can flow in and stop the spread of airborne diseases.

  • Cover food properly - Protect food from flies and dust to avoid contamination.



CHECK OTHER RELATED TOPICS HERE


  1. FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH

  2. PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION




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