Family living refers to the way members of a family live together, interact, and manage resources to achieve happiness, peace, and stability.

It involves providing love, care, discipline, shelter, education, food, and social support.

1. Promotes peace and harmony in the home.


2. Provides emotional and financial support to members.


3. Trains children in values, culture, and discipline.


4. Encourages cooperation, sharing, and mutual respect.


5. Ensures family needs are met through planning and decision-making.

Family resources are the assets, qualities, and materials available to a family to meet their needs and achieve goals.

1. Human Resources – Time, knowledge, skills, energy, intelligence.


2. Non-Human (Material) Resources – Money, land, clothing, food, furniture, houses.

1. Limited in supply.


2. Can be managed.


3. Differ among families.


4. May be renewable (skills, time) or non-renewable (money, land).

1. Help families meet basic needs.


2. Improve living standards.


3. Guide decision-making and planning.


4. Prevent waste and encourage savings.


5. Assist in achieving family goals.

Decision-making is the process of choosing the best option among alternatives to solve problems or meet needs. Families make decisions daily about food, clothing, housing, education, health, and leisure.

1. Identify the problem/need.


2. Collect information about alternatives.


3. Consider the options.


4. Choose the best option.


5. Implement the decision.


6. Evaluate the result.

1. Personal – made by an individual (e.g., clothes to wear).


2. Family – made jointly by family members (e.g., where to live).


3. Routine – simple, daily choices (e.g., what to eat).


4. Complex – require deep thought (e.g., building a house).

1. Family values and goals.


2. Available resources.


3. Culture and religion.


4. Family size and needs.


5. Economic conditions.


6. Peer and societal influence.

1. Promotes peace and unity.


2. Prevents waste of resources.


3. Helps achieve family goals.


4. Improves living standard.


5. Encourages responsibility and cooperation.

Household linen refers to fabric materials used in homes for comfort, decoration, and cleanliness.

1. Bed Linen – sheets, blankets, duvets, pillowcases.


2. Table Linen – table cloths, napkins, tray covers.


3. Kitchen Linen – aprons, kitchen towels, oven gloves.


4. Bathroom Linen – towels, bath mats, face cloths.


5. Curtains and Draperies – window and door coverings.

1. Cost and family budget.


2. Durability of fabric.


3. Ease of washing and maintenance.


4. Colour and design that match the home.


5. Size of beds, tables, or windows.


6. Purpose (e.g., absorbent towels, thick curtains).


7. Family size and occasion of use.

1. Wash according to fabric type.


2. Remove stains quickly.


3. Dry properly in sun or shade.


4. Iron and fold neatly.


5. Mend tears immediately.

1. Store in clean, dry cupboards.


2. Use moth repellents like camphor.


3. Fold table linen neatly.


4. Keep blankets in bags or boxes.


5. Arrange by type for easy access.

Pattern Drafting is The method of drawing patterns on paper using measurements as a guide for cutting fabrics . Ensures accuracy in garment making.

1. Provides a guide for cutting fabric correctly.


2. Ensures clothes fit well.


3. Saves fabric and time.


4. Makes garment construction easier.

1. Block Pattern (Basic Pattern) – Simple patterns used to create many styles.


2. Drafted Pattern – Patterns developed from measurements.


3. Modified Pattern – Block pattern altered for new designs.

1. Take accurate body measurements (chest, waist, hip, shoulder, length).


2. Draw basic shapes on brown paper using rulers, curves, and set squares.


3. Mark darts, pleats, and seam allowances.


4. Cut the paper pattern carefully.


5. Label each piece (front, back, sleeve, collar).


6. Use pins to attach pattern to fabric before cutting.

1. Seam Allowance – Extra space given along the edges for sewing.


2. Darts – Triangular folds to shape the garment around the bust, waist, or hips.


3. Pleats – Folds in fabric to allow fullness.


4. Grainline – Direction of fabric threads to guide cutting.

1. Tape Measure – taking body measurements.


2. Rulers / Meter Rule – drawing straight lines.


3. French Curve / Hip Curve – shaping necklines, armholes, hips.


4. Set Square – right angles.


5. Pencils and Erasers – marking patterns.


6. Tracing Wheel – transferring markings.


7. Pins – holding patterns.


8. Scissors – cutting paper and fabric.


9. Brown Paper – used for drafting patterns.

Fashion designing is the art of creating new clothing styles and accessories by combining creativity, fabric knowledge, and pattern skills.

• Encourages creativity.


• Makes garments fashionable and attractive.


• Helps the designer express individuality and cultural identity.

1. Casual Wear – Everyday clothing.


2. Formal Wear – Suits, gowns, office wear.


3. Traditional/ Cultural Wear – Local fabrics and styles.


4. Children and Baby Wear – Comfortable, easy-to-wear styles.

1. Drawing and sketching clothes.


2. Knowledge of fabrics and colours.


3. Creativity and imagination.


4. Ability to modify patterns to create new styles.

Baby measurement is the process of taking the size of different parts of a baby’s body using a tape measure in order to make well-fitting, comfortable, and suitable clothes for the baby.

1. Ensures baby clothes fit perfectly.


2. Prevents restriction of movement.


3. Saves fabric and prevents mistakes.


4. Helps make different styles like dresses, rompers, and pants.

1. Chest – around the chest (for shirts, dresses).


2. Waist – around the waist (for skirts, trousers).


3. Hips – around the hips (for trousers, rompers).


4. Neck – around the neck (for collars, necklines).


5. Shoulder – from one shoulder to the other (for tops, dresses).


6. Arm length – shoulder to wrist (for sleeves).


7. Leg length – waist to ankle (for trousers, jumpsuits).


8. Back length – shoulder to waist (for dresses, tops).


9. Head – around the head (for caps, bonnets).

1. Baby should be standing or lying relaxed.


2. Use a flexible tape measure.


3. Add allowance for growth (usually 1–2 cm).


4. Always double-check each measurement.


5. Record measurements clearly for later use.

1. Rompers/Jumpsuits – Full body measurements, chest, waist, leg length, back length.


2. Baby Dresses/Frocks – Chest, waist, shoulder, arm length, back length.


3. Baby Pants/Shorts – Waist, hip, leg length.


4. Baby Shirts/Blouses – Chest, shoulder, arm length, neck circumference.


5. Hats/Bonnets – Head circumference and height.

1. Always start with a block pattern.


2. Mark seam allowances of 1–1.5 cm.


3. Use soft, breathable fabrics for babies like cotton.


4. Keep fasteners easy (buttons, zips, Velcro) for comfort.


5. Consider elastic or adjustable parts for growth.


6. Label each piece of paper pattern clearly to avoid mistakes.

• Pattern drafting is technical (measurement, cutting).


• Fashion designing is creative (styles, trends).