Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are diseases that cannot be spread from one person to another. They are not caused by germs, and you cannot catch them by touching, sneezing, or sharing items.

These diseases usually develop slowly and may last for a long time. They are often caused by poor lifestyle habits, family history, or conditions in the body.

1. Cancer


2. Diabetes


3. High blood pressure (hypertension)


4. Asthma


5. Sickle cell disease


6. Kidney failure


7. Stroke


8. Ulcer


9. Heart disease


10. Mental illness (e.g. depression, anxiety)

1. Poor diet – Eating too much junk food, sugar, and fat.


2. Lack of exercise – Not moving the body enough.


3. Smoking and alcohol – Taking harmful substances damages the body.


4. Stress – Too much worry can affect the heart and mind.


5. Family history – Some diseases run in families (like sickle cell and diabetes).


6. Environmental factors – Exposure to pollution or harmful chemicals.


7. Poor medical care – Not treating minor health problems early.

• Frequent tiredness or weakness


• Difficulty breathing


• Sudden weight gain or loss


• Frequent urination or thirst (in diabetes)


• Constant chest pain or headache


• Mood swings or sadness (in mental illness)


• Pain in joints or stomach


• Dizziness or fainting


• Slow healing of wounds

1. Long-term illness and suffering


2. Poor performance in school or work


3. High cost of treatment


4. Disability or physical weakness


5. Early death if not properly treated


6. Emotional stress for the person and family

1. Eat healthy food like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains


2. Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes daily)


3. Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol


4. Go for regular medical check-ups


5. Avoid stress and rest properly


6. Drink clean water and stay hydrated


7. Avoid self-medication


8. Follow doctors’ advice, especially if you have a family history of illness


9. Report unusual body changes to health workers early

• Communicable diseases can be spread from one person to another, while non-communicable diseases cannot be spread.


• Communicable diseases are caused by germs (like bacteria, viruses, and fungi), but non-communicable diseases are caused by poor habits, body conditions, or family history.


• Communicable diseases can spread through air, water, food, or contact, while non-communicable diseases do not spread through any form of contact.


• Communicable diseases usually occur suddenly, while non-communicable diseases often develop slowly over time.


• Examples of communicable diseases include malaria, flu, and HIV, while non-communicable diseases include diabetes, cancer, and asthma.