A sewing machine is a device used to stitch fabrics and other materials together using thread. It is faster, stronger, and produces neater stitches than hand sewing. Sewing machines can be manual (operated by hand or foot), electric, or computerized.

1. Speeds up the process of making clothes.


2. Produces strong and durable stitches.


3. Enables neat and professional-looking garments.


4. Reduces fatigue compared to hand sewing.


5. Encourages creativity and self-reliance.

1. Manual/Hand Sewing Machine: Operated by hand or foot pedal. Suitable for home use.


2. Electric Sewing Machine: Powered by electricity, faster and easier than manual.


3. Computerized Sewing Machine: Can automatically create different stitch patterns and is used for professional garment making.

1. Spool Pin: Holds the thread spool.


2. Thread Guide: Guides the thread from the spool to the needle.


3. Tension Disc: Controls the tightness of the thread.


4. Needle: Pierces the fabric to form stitches.


5. Presser Foot: Holds the fabric in place while sewing.


6. Feed Dog: Moves the fabric under the needle.


7. Bobbin: Holds the lower thread.


8. Bobbin Case: Secures the bobbin in place.


9. Stitch Selector: Allows you to choose different types of stitches.


10. Hand Wheel: Moves the needle manually up and down.


11. Foot Pedal: Controls sewing speed (for electric machines).


12. Reverse Lever: Allows backward stitching for reinforcement.

1. Keep fingers away from the needle while sewing.


2. Do not operate the machine with wet hands.


3. Switch off the machine before changing needles or cleaning.


4. Use the correct needle for the type of fabric.


5. Keep the machine clean and oiled regularly.


6. Ensure the electric cord is not damaged.

1. Purpose: Whether it is for home use, tailoring, or professional garment production.


2. Fabric Handling: Some machines can sew heavy fabrics better than others.


3. Stitching Features: Ability to sew zigzag, decorative, or specialized stitches.


4. Speed and Efficiency: How fast the machine can work.


5. Cost and Durability: Choose a machine that is within budget but lasts long.


6. Ease of Use: Suitable for beginners or advanced users.


7. Maintenance: Availability of spare parts and ease of repair.

Garment construction is the process of making clothes from fabric. It involves planning, measuring, cutting, stitching, and finishing.

1. Ensures clothes fit well and are comfortable.


2. Improves the appearance and neatness of clothing.


3. Helps preserve fabric and reduce wastage.


4. Encourages creativity, independence, and self-reliance.

1. Facing: A piece of fabric used to finish raw edges like neckline or armholes.


2. Hem: The folded and stitched edge of fabric to prevent fraying.


3. Opening: A space in the garment that allows wearing or removal, such as a neckline or zip opening.


4. Fastening: Device or method used to close a garment, e.g., buttons, zippers, or hooks.


5. Seam: The line where two pieces of fabric are joined together by stitching.


6. Notch: Small cuts on the edge of fabric to guide stitching and matching pieces.


7. Darts: Folded and stitched fabric to shape garments around curves of the body.


8. Pleats: Folds sewn into fabric for decoration or fullness.

1. Planning: Decide the style, fabric, color, and purpose of the garment. Consider the wearer’s age, size, and body shape.


2. Measuring: Take accurate body measurements: chest, waist, hip, back length, shoulder width, and sleeve length.


3. Drafting Patterns: Draw paper patterns using measurements. Patterns guide fabric cutting.


4. Cutting Fabric: Lay fabric flat, pin the pattern on it, and cut carefully along the lines.


5. Stitching: Join fabric pieces using machine or hand stitches. Use running stitch, backstitch, hemming stitch, or overcasting as needed.


6. Pressing and Finishing: Press seams with an iron for neatness. Finish raw edges and attach fastenings or decorations.


7. Fitting: Try the garment on the wearer and make adjustments before final finishing.

1. Planning: Choose a comfortable style, soft fabric, color, and size.


2. Measuring & Drafting: Take chest, waist, back length, shoulder, and sleeve measurements. Draft a simple pattern.


3. Cutting Fabric: Pin the pattern and cut carefully.


4. Stitching: Use hand stitching for basting and machine stitching for main seams.


5. Adding Features: Hem the edges, add facing, attach buttons or hooks.


6. Pressing & Finishing: Iron the seams, trim loose threads, ensure neat appearance.


7. Fitting: Check fit and adjust if needed.

• Hand Tools: Scissors, pins, needles, measuring tape, chalk/fabric marker, thimble, seam ripper.


• Machine Tools: Sewing machine, bobbins, foot pedal, thread spool, oil, cleaning brush.

1. Pre-wash fabric to prevent shrinkage.


2. Use the correct type of stitch for the fabric.


3. Cut accurately along pattern lines.


4. Press seams regularly.


5. Check garment fit at all stages.


6. Maintain the sewing machine clean, oiled, and functional.

1. Tailoring.


2. Fashion Designing.


3. Costume Designing.


4. Textile Merchandising.


5. Dressmaking.


6. Laundry and Alteration Services.

1. Always thread the sewing machine correctly.


2. Test stitch on scrap fabric before sewing the garment.


3. Keep the machine clean and well-oiled.


4. Measure twice, cut once.


5. Practice hand stitches to improve skill and speed.