A spreadsheet is an application software used for organising, calculating, and analysing data in rows and columns.

It helps to perform calculations, create charts, and process numerical data easily.

• Microsoft Excel


• Google Sheets


• Lotus 1-2-3 (older software)


• OpenOffice Calc


• Apple Number

1. It is use for Performing mathematical calculations (e.g. sums, averages)


2. Spreadsheets is use for Keeping financial records (e.g. income, expenses, budgets)


3. it is use for Preparing timetables and schedules


4. it is use for Creating charts and graphs for data presentation


5. It is use for Storing and sorting large amounts of data


6. Spreadsheets is use for Analysing results (e.g. student scores, sales figures)

1. Made up of rows (numbered 1, 2, 3, …)


2. Made up of columns (labeled A, B, C, …)


3. The intersection of a row and column forms a cell.


4. Each cell has a unique cell address (e.g., A1, B5).


5. Can contain numbers, text (labels), or formulas.


6. Supports automatic calculations using formulas and functions.

1. 🟩 Cell — The box where a row and a column meet.


2. 🔢 Cell address — The unique name of a cell, e.g., A1 (Column A, Row 1).


3. 📄 Worksheet — A single sheet (grid) in a spreadsheet file.


4. 📂 Workbook — A file containing one or more worksheets.


5. ➕ Formula — A mathematical expression entered in a cell (e.g., =A1+B1).


6. 🛠 Function — A pre-set formula for calculations (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5).


7. 🔠 Label — Text entered into a cell to describe data (e.g., names, titles).


8. 🔣 Value — A numeric entry (numbers only) in a cell.


9. 🔎 Range — A group of selected cells (e.g., A1:A5 or B2:D4).


10. 📊 Chart — A graphical representation of data in the spreadsheet (e.g., bar chart, pie chart).


11. 🔑 Active cell — The cell currently selected and ready for data entry.


12. 🧭 Gridlines — The horizontal and vertical lines that separate cells on the worksheet.

1. =A1+B1 (adds values in A1 and B1)


2. =A2*B2 (multiplies A2 and B2)


3. =SUM(A1:A5) (adds values from A1 to A5)

1. Saves time by performing automatic calculations.


2. Reduces errors in computation.


3. Makes data neat, organised, and easy to understand.


4. Data can be changed easily without starting over.


5. Creates attractive charts and graphs.

1. Requires basic computer skills to use.


2. Needs electricity and a computer to work.


3. May be costly to install for some users.


4. Risk of data loss if not saved properly or due to technical failure.


5. Errors in formulas can lead to incorrect results.

• 📊 Bar chart


• 📈 Line chart


• 🟠 Pie chart


• 📉 Area chart

• Click on the Start Menu (or press the Windows key) on your computer.


• Select "All Programs" or "All Apps" depending on your version of Windows.


• Look for Microsoft Office or the name of your spreadsheet package (e.g. Excel, OpenOffice Calc).


• Click on the spreadsheet package (e.g. Microsoft Excel) to open it.


• Wait for the program to load; the worksheet (grid of rows and columns) will appear on your screen.