Mechanical counting or calculating devices are tools designed to perform counting or mathematical operations through mechanical means. Examples include:

Abacus, Napier's Bones, Pascaline, Leibniz Wheel, Adding Machine, Antikythera Mechanism, Difference Engine, Curta Calculator, Slide Rule .

1. Abacus: A frame with beads that represent numbers and help perform arithmetic operations.


2. Napier's Bones: A set of rods used for simplifying multiplication and division.


3. Mechanical Calculators: Devices like the Pascaline and Leibniz Wheel, using gears and wheels for basic arithmetic.


4. Adding Machine: A device that mechanically adds numbers using rotating gears.


5. Antikythera Mechanism: An ancient Greek device used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses.


6. Difference Engine: Designed by Charles Babbage in the 1830s, it could perform polynomial calculations and is a precursor to modern computers.


7. Curta Calculator: A compact, hand-cranked device from the 1940s capable of performing various arithmetic operations.


8. Slide Rule: A mechanical tool used for multiplication, division, and advanced functions like logarithms and trigonometry, widely used until the 1970s.