Culture is the way of life of a people. It includes their beliefs, customs, traditions, language, arts, and behaviour which they learn and share. Culture is passed from one generation to another.

• Material Culture:

  Material culture includes the physical things people use every day, like clothes, tools, and houses. These are objects that can be seen and touched.

• Non-Material Culture:

  Non-material culture consists of ideas, beliefs, customs, and values that people share. These are not physical and cannot be touched.

1. Language: The means of communication used by people.


2. Customs and Traditions: Accepted ways of doing things and behaving in society.


3. Religion: Beliefs and worship practices.


4. Arts and Music: Forms of creative expression.


5. Dress: The clothes people wear which may show their identity.


6. Food: The types of meals commonly eaten.


7. Social Institutions: Family, marriage, education, and government systems.

1. Culture is learned, not inherited.


2. Culture is shared by members of a group or society.


3. Culture is dynamic, it changes over time.


4. Culture is adaptive, it helps people survive in their environment.


5. Culture is integrated, different parts of culture are connected and affect each other.

1. Culture gives people a sense of identity and belonging.


2. Culture guides people on how to behave and interact with others.


3. Culture helps to maintain social order and unity.


4. Culture preserves the history and heritage of a people.


5. Culture promotes respect for other people’s ways of life.

Nigeria is a country with many ethnic groups, each having its own culture. Some major cultures include Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and many others. Despite the differences, Nigerians share some common cultural traits.

1. Through family and community.


2. Through education and schools.


3. Through language and storytelling.


4. Through rituals and ceremonies.


5. Through media like radio, television, and internet.