Ball games are games that are played using a ball as the major equipment.

They involve either carrying, kicking, hitting, or throwing the ball according to the rules of the particular game.

• Football (soccer)


• Volleyball


• Basketball


• Handball


• Table tennis


• Tennis


• Hockey


• Cricket

	Ball Game	Main Equipment	Facility
1	Football	Football, boots, shin guard	Football field (pitch)
2	Volleyball	Volleyball, net	Volleyball court
3	Basketball	Basketball, net, backboard	Basketball court
4	Handball	Handball	Handball court
5	Table Tennis	Table tennis bat, ball, net	Table tennis table
6	Tennis	Tennis racket, ball	Tennis court
7	Hockey	Hockey stick, ball	Hockey pitch
8	Cricket	Bat, ball, stumps	Cricket pitch

• Passing


• Shooting


• Dribbling


• Heading


• Goalkeeping

• Serving


• Passing (digging)


• Spiking


• Blocking

• Dribbling


• Passing


• Shooting


• Rebounding

• Passing


• Throwing


• Catching


• Shooting at goal

• Players must obey the referee’s or umpire’s decisions.


• Players must not deliberately injure opponents.


• Players must stay within the boundaries of the field or court.


• The game must be played fairly according to its official rules.


• Fouls or offences are penalised (e.g. free kick in football, penalty throw in handball).

• They help in developing physical fitness.


• They encourage teamwork and cooperation.


• They promote sportsmanship and fair play.


• They provide fun and recreation.


• They help in developing skills like speed, agility, and coordination.

• Wear the right sports kit (boots, jersey, guards).


• Warm up before playing.


• Follow the rules of the game to avoid injury.


• Respect officials and other players.


• Play in a safe environment (clear of dangerous objects).

• The game is played between two teams of 11 players each.


• The match is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.


• Only the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball with the hands inside the goal area.


• The match is started with a kick-off at the centre of the field.


• A goal is scored when the ball crosses the goal line between the goalposts.


• Offences like tripping, pushing, or handball result in a free kick or penalty kick.


• The referee controls the game and ensures fair play.

• The game is played between two teams of 6 players each.


• The aim is to send the ball over the net and ground it on the opponent’s court.


• Each team is allowed a maximum of 3 touches before the ball is returned.


• A player may not hit the ball twice in succession.


• A point is won if the opponent fails to return the ball or commits a fault.


• The game begins with a serve behind the baseline.


• Players must not touch the net during play.

• The game is played between two teams of 5 players each.


• The aim is to score by putting the ball through the opponent’s basket.


• The ball may be passed, dribbled, or shot.


• A player must not run with the ball without dribbling it (no travelling).


• A field goal is worth 2 points; a shot from beyond the 3-point line scores 3 points.


• Personal contact fouls (like pushing or blocking unfairly) are penalised.


• The referee enforces the rules and controls the game.

• The game is played between two teams of 7 players each.


• The aim is to throw the ball into the opponent’s goal.


• Players may hold the ball for a limited time (usually 3 seconds) before passing, dribbling, or shooting.


• A player may take only 3 steps while holding the ball without dribbling.


• The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to stay in the goal area.


• Fouls like holding or hitting an opponent are penalised.


• The referee controls the game and awards free throws or penalties for fouls.

• Referee — The main official who controls the match, applies the rules, and gives decisions.


• Assistant referees (linesmen) — They assist the referee by indicating offsides, throw-ins, corner kicks, and goal kicks.


• Fourth official (in major competitions) — Assists with administrative duties and substitution control.

• First referee (main referee) — Stands on the referee stand and controls the game.


• Second referee (assistant referee) — Stands on the opposite side and assists the first referee.


• Scorer — Records the points and keeps track of the score.


• Line judges — Watch the lines to decide if the ball is in or out.

• Referee — The chief official who controls the game.


• Umpire — Assists the referee.


• Scorer — Records points scored by each team.


• Timekeeper — Keeps track of game time and stoppages.


• Shot clock operator — Controls the shot clock timer.

• Referees (two referees) — They work together to control the game and apply the rules.


• Timekeeper — Keeps the official time of the match.


• Scorekeeper — Records the goals and keeps track of scores and fouls.

1. Sprain: This is the stretching or tearing of a ligament at a joint, usually the ankle, wrist, or knee.


2. Strain: This is the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, common in leg muscles during sudden movement.


3. Dislocation: This happens when a bone is forced out of its normal position at a joint, like the shoulder or finger.


4. Fracture: This is a break or crack in a bone caused by a fall, collision, or hard kick.


5. Bruise (Contusion): This is damage to small blood vessels under the skin, causing a dark mark from a blow.


6. Cut: This is a break or opening in the skin caused by a sharp object or fall.


7. Wound: This is damage to the skin or flesh caused by injury.


8. Concussion: This is a mild brain injury caused by a heavy blow to the head, often from a fall or collision.